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 Русская Страница

 The Russia Desk IV

  
Osip Mandelstam
(1891-1938)
 
 
Marina Tsvetaeva
(1892-1941)
 

 

Osip Mandelstam

(1891-1938)

Translated from the Russian by

Alex Cigale

 

[296]

 

Your narrow shoulders are for blushing under lashes,

blushing under lashes and burning from the frosts.

 

Your childlike hands are for lifting heavy irons,

lifting heavy irons and for tying down ropes.

 

Your tender feet are for walking bare over glass,

walking barefoot over glass and the bloody sands.


And my share is to burn, a black candle for you,

to burn like a black candle that dare not pray.

 

1934

 

    

 

The sound, cautiously subdued,

of a fruit having come unglued

from a tree among unquiet hum

of the deepest silence of wood.

 

1908

 

 

Suddenly, from a half-dim hall,

you slid out, hidden by a shawl –

we were no trouble to a soul,

we didn't wake the drowsy help.

 

1908

 

 

The humid dusk covers up lies,

the tightness in a breathing chest...

It may be that I value the most

A wire-thin cross and secret ways.

 

1910

 

 

TWO FRAGMENTS

 

I'm a semaphore signal with a broken arm

at the criss-crossing of the Voronezh rails

 

<1935>

 

Black night, barrack's blight,

The fattest fleas....

 

<1938>

 

 

...from the Voronezh Notebooks

 

Kama [308]

 

How on the river Kama eyesight fails when

above the oaks, as on knees, stand the towns.

 

Row upon row, beard to beard, a spider web,

the fiery pines run younger toward the water.

 

The water leant its weight against a hundred

and four oars, bearing us to Kazan and Cherdyn.

 

There I floated down the river behind a curtained

window, curtain in the window and head aflame.

 

And my wife was with me – sleepless five nights,

five nights no sleep –  conveying our three guards.

 

Voronezh, May 1935

 

 

[341]

 

Along the row of human heads recede the hills;

I shrink with them, will no longer be mentioned,

but in sweet books and in children’s games I will

rise up again to tell all: the sun shines on.

 

1936-37 [?]

 

 

[388]

 

I bring to my lips this bitter herb—

the leaves’ gooey cursing, the sticky oath

of our violating, perjuring earth:

mother of snowdrops, of maples and oaks.

 

Look how I’m buttressed and blinded,

subordinated and resigned to the roots;

Isn’t it overwhelming and wonderful

for one’s sore eyes in the thundering park

 

where the frogs, like droplets of mercury,

linking up their voices in a single sphere

transform the fragile reeds into branches,

the steam-like mist into a milky mirage.

 

Voronezh, 30 April 1937

 

* * * 

 

Marina Tsvetayeva

(1892-1941)

Translated from the Russian by

Alex Cigale

 

Into the blue sky, eyes open wide:

How I exclaim – Thunder will stride!

 

Passing a man I raise my brow:

How I exclaim – Still there is love!

 

Feeling beyond apathy’s gray mist:

I still exclaim – There will be verse!

 

1936

 

 

He’s gone – can’t eat:

No taste – in bread.

All’s chalk,

For which I will not reach.

 

… My bread he was,

And snow also.

The snow’s not white,

And bread not right.

 

Jan. 23, 1940

 

 

Your years are – a mountain,

Your time is – that of kings.

Fool!  To love – you’re too old.

Old friends mean – more than love.

 

Older than monsters, roots,

Older than altar’s stone

On Crete, older even than

The oldest druid’s runes.

 

January 29, 1940

 

 

It’s time to shed my amber,

It’s time to trade in words,

It’s time to dim the light

Above my door…

 

February 1941



Two suns grow cold – spare me God please!

One – up in the sky, the other – in my breast.

 

Just as these suns – can I forgive myself?

Just as these suns had made me crazed!

 

And so they both chill – their rays cause pain.

The one that cools first had been the warmest.

 

October 5, 1915

 

 

Fate arrives not with a roar or thunder

But just so: snow falls,

Street lamps glow.  A man walks

Up to the door.

 

The long spark the doorbell expels.

He ascends and raises his eyes,

In the house absolute silence

And the figures on fire.

 

November 16, 1916

 

 

A kiss on the forehead – erases worry.

I kiss your forehead.

 

A kiss on the eyes – removes insomnia.

I kiss you on the eyes.

 

A kiss on the lips – is water to drink.

I kiss your lips.

 

A kiss on the forehead – erases memory.

I kiss your forehead.

 

June 5, 1917

 

 

One half of my window dissolved.

One half of my soul materialized.

Come, let us open the other half.

That other half of the window!

 

May 1920

 

 

 

Русская Страница

 The Russia Desk IV  

 

Welcome to the April, Poetry Month (aka "The Cruelest") edition of Russia Desk: Mandelstam and Tsvetayeva, a "poet's poet" and a "people's poet.”  In my experience, Osip Mandelstam's verse is either entirely incomprehensible to a wider Russian reading public or his Russian is just oddly alien-sounding, though he is still too classicist and not as sufficiently inventive as say Khlebnikov, the acme of the more experimental poets. Mandelstam’s invented Russian (he was born in Warsaw and began his studies in Paris and Heidelberg) is of a different sort from Khlebnikov’s Slavicist neologisms and folkloric themes.  Khlebnikov’s non-linear thought veers radically from line to line to an open-ended conclusion, while Mandelstam relies on the sinuousness of syntax and unconventional association of objects and modifiers and proceeds in a classicist, rationalist synthesis toward a unity of theme and statement, with an even greater musicality: to my ear, his is the best, most varied and subtle ear in all of Russian poetry.  Marina Tsvetaeva’s poetry possesses the compression of the intellectual, spiritual thought of Emily Dickinson and the desperate emotional energy of Sylvia Plath melded into a middle ground that is all her own and of her time; she is probably the most passionately beloved of Russian poets, along with Pushkin and Blok as close to a national poet as there is. She is the Russian poet who has come closest to speaking in her own voice, who communicates a sense of a flesh and blood human being behind the lines.  Pasternak, by comparison with these two, is texturally dense and overly intellectual; Akhmatova, a middle ground between the two, too textually simple. There you have it, in gist.

 

I have attempted here to give a historic arc with this selection of the earliest and the latest poems of each, both from the perspective of poetic development and Russia’s political development.  Both Mandelstam and Tsvetayeva “came up” as teenage prodigies, primarily under the sway of the Late Symbolist Alexander Blok, their idol.  I don’t wish to indulge in biographic fallacy so much as to offer the lifelines of these two poets as two representative poetic fates within the stream of pre- and post-revolutionary Russian life.  Mandelstam’s life is fairly representative of his generation of Jewish intellectuals (among poets, Pasternak, Chorny, etc) who converted to Christianity (in M’s case Methodism) to be able to live in the capital, enter the university, and practice professionally.  M’s complete immersion in intellectual and aesthetic pursuit to the disregard of practical concerns was lifelong, and he was essentially homeless his entire life and was noted for his disheveled appearance.  Though his historic break with the Symbolists and association with Acmeism in 1911 was motivated by "direct expression through images,” much of his verse in truth retained the density and ethereal qualities of Symbolic association, and only in his last and I think greatest work, the so-called Voronezh Notebooks that date to his exile in the 30s, does he arrive at the simplicity of concrete observation of objects.

 

Tsvetayeva’s life was perhaps the most tragic of the Russian poets, involving as it did the extremes of wealth and poverty, of social status and ostracism from both sides of the political divide: her father was a foremost Russian art historian who had founded the famous Pushkin Museum of Fine Art in Moscow and the family lost everything in the Revolution; she had a tangential involvement with world poetry through a correspondence with Rilke during her lengthy Paris émigré period which she concluded as a pariah due to her husband’s (a former White Army officer's) collaboration with the Soviet secret police (the NKVD,) including suspected participation in assassinations.  Their flight to the Soviet Union ahead of the Nazi occupation of France resulted in her husband’s execution, daughter’s arrest and long imprisonment, starvation, and suicide.

 

I hope I have provided here sufficient context for the sweep of history that may already be familiar to some, even many, from Boris Pasternak’s filmed version of Dr. Zhivago if not the book itself.  I highly recommend, not just as sources but for their literary value, Simon Karlinsky’s biography, Tsvetayeva or Ronald Hingley’s Russian Poets in Revolution, Osip’s wife’s Nadezhda Mandelstam’s great classic Hope Against Hope, and one of the many excellent Stalin biographies (Conquest, Deutscher, Djilas, Lacquer, Service, Tucker, Medvedev).  In addition, translations can only hint at the originals and I suggest a listen to the audio file links for Mandelstam and for other classic Russian poets of the Silver Age.  And please come back next month for the May Day issue of Danse Macabre, in which I hope to be able to present a piece of the Revolution of 1917 in the juxtaposition of selections from the poetry of Alexander Blok and Vladimir Mayakovsky.

 

Sincèrement,

Alex Cigale

Editor ()

Danse Macabre

   

An Online Literary Magazine


 

Links

 

Osip Mandelstam (1891-1938) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osip_Mandelstam

http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/russian/mandelstam/ Bruce McCleland’s translation of Mandelstam’s book Tristia with facing, transliterated (“sounded-out”) texts.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QmumXfKeVh8&feature=related In Russian, Joseph Brodsky’s powerful analysis of Mandelstam, w/comparison to Tsvetayeva, Akhmatova, and Pasternak

http://imwerden.de/cat/modules.php?name=books&pa=showbook&pid=369 10 extant recordings of Mandelstam reading

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=inSJvzMth7Q Dramatization of a Mandelstam poem for a series of recent Slavyansky Bank ads using Silver Age poets texts!

Marina Tsvetaeva (1892-1941) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsvetayeva

http://www.cvetaeva.org.ru/chapter-al-bk-387/, http://home.comcast.net/~kneller/tsvetaeva.html English translations of Tsvetayeva by Ilya Shambat and Andrey Kneller

http://english.tsvetayeva.com/biography Extensive collection of Tsvetayeva photographs on this bilingual site

http://www.carnegiehall.org/article/sound_insights/Shostakovich/art_poems_shostakovich.html Shostakovich's Opus 153, "Six Tsvetayeva Poems"'" listen to 3 short clips under photo on the right

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bFb2dOBGizI&feature=youtube_gdata Shostakovich's Opus 153

http://www.vo2ov.com/Dmitri-Shostakovich-Symphony-Nr-14-6-Poems-Of-Marina-Tsvetaeva-Bernard-Haitink-Royal-Concertgebouw-Orchestra_200399.html for Download

http://www.recmusic.org/lieder/assemble_texts.html?SongCycleId=2317 English transliterations of 5 Tsvetayeva poems set to music by the Russian-Tatar composer Sofia Gubaidulina

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ej5BaIbtsDE&feature=related Famous popular setting of a Tsvetaeva poem from the film Irony of Love (http://home.comcast.net/~kneller/Ilike.html)

 

Other Great Poets of the Silver Age (including Stalin)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=htW5XzUD24k Audio and video of Akhmatova reading

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1pKuU-csib4&feature=related Touching Pasternak tribute

http://www.jstor.org/pss/129653 Review of Hingley's Nightingale Fever

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stalin#Culture,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Great_Terror Robert Conquest

http://www.wsws.org/articles/2005/jun2005/stal-j02.shtml Thorough critique of the Service Stalin biography

 

 

  Русская Страница  The Russia Desk 

 

Please also visit our archived Russia Desk pages:

 

Valery Bryusov

{scroll down}

 

Konstantin Balmont

 

Velimir Khlebnikov

 

Alexander Vvedensky & Daniil Kharms

 

A still expanding anthology of Alex's translations of Silver Age miniature poems, along with more links (audio, video, photos, texts,) is at http://www.albany.edu/offcourse/issue41/cigale_frontpage.html